This site uses cookies to assist with navigation, analyse your use of our services, and provide content from third parties. Visit our corporate site. Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletters are free features that allow you to receive your favourite sci-tech news updates. Both of these findings provide clues about cultic practices in the Kingdom of Judah. Analysis of the material on two Iron Age altars discovered at the entrance to the “holy of holies” of a shrine at Tel Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley, Israel, were found to contain cannabis and frankincense, according to new article in the journal, Tel Aviv. Identify the news topics you want to see and prioritize an order. With global reach of over 5 million monthly readers and featuring dedicated websites for hard sciences, technology, smedical research and health news, Once the cannabis was burned at the Iron Age site, "we can assume that the religious altered state of consciousness in this shrine was an important part of the ceremonies that took place here," study lead researcher Eran Arie, the curator of Iron Age and Persian period archaeology at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, told Live Science in an email. The shrine of Stratum XI (from Miriam Aharoni-Pottery, p. 192). Aloha. Rather, cannabis originated high on the Tibetan Plateau, according to a study of fossil pollen. Tel Arad (Arabic: تل عراد‎, Hebrew: תל ערד‎) is an archaeological tel, or mound, located west of the Dead Sea, about 10 kilometres (6 miles) west of the modern Israeli city of Arad in an area surrounded by mountain ridges which is known as the Arad Plain. Namdar has expertise in analyzing residue from ancient burned incense, but "we never thought we [would] reveal such an amazing find" as the cannabis, Arie said. The oldest known instance of ritualistic cannabis burning has been discovered on a limestone altar in Israel’s Tel Arad shrine. Stay up to date on the coronavirus outbreak by signing up to our newsletter today. Front view of the shrine at Arad, rebuilt in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. Each altar had a shallow depression on top containing "round heaps of black solidified organic material," the researchers wrote in the study. The stone altars may have been in use for a shorter period of a decade or two.’ Unidentified dark material preserved on their upper surfaces was submitted for organic residue analysis at two unrelated laboratories that used similar established extraction… Could COVID-19 have wiped out the Neandertals. Investigation of the materials on two Iron Age altars uncovered at the entrance to the “holy of holies” of a shrine at Tel Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley, Israel, were being identified to consist of Cannabis and Frankincense, in accordance to new posting in the journal, Tel Aviv. Thank you for signing up to Live Science. The Arad shrine was disassembled and rebuilt for display at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, which opened in 1965. It appears that "animal dung was used as the fuel [to burn] the cannabis," Arie said. Arad provides the earliest evidence for frankincense in a clear cultic context. Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. The new finding "is revolutionary in making a case for the use of specialized psychoactive plants in early Israelite religion," said Patrick McGovern, the scientific director of the Biomolecular Archaeology Project at the Penn Museum in Philadelphia, who was not involved in the study. Lead author Eran Arie from The Israel Museum in Jerusalem commented, "This is the first time that cannabis has been identified in the Ancient Near East; Its use in the shrine must have played a central role in the cultic rituals performed there.". Insets show black residue on the altars. The quantities and duration would have to be considerable. An aerial view of the Tel Arad fortress that stands in what was once the Kingdom of Judah. Phys.org is a part of Science X network. Analysis of the material on two Iron Age altars discovered at the entrance to the “holy of holies” of a shrine at Tel Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley, Israel, were found to contain Cannabis and Frankincense, according to new article in the journal, Tel Aviv. More information: Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. 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Your opinions are important to us. "The results were the same.". Feb 25, 2020 (UTC) Omikuji is a fortune drawn from Shrines or Temples in Japan. of a shrine at Tel Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley, Israel, were found to contain Cannabis Tests of this black gunk in the 1960s gave mostly inconclusive results, noting only that one clump contained animal fat. The site is divided into a lower city and an upper hill. The taller altar stands 20 inches (50 cm) tall. Related: Image gallery: 7 potent medicinal plants. If this is an older Jewish site then others must have used it after the Jews left because excrement is forbidden in the temple. That is called mercy. Archaeologists first excavated the site in the 1960s; they unearthed two fortresses, dating to from the ninth to the early sixth centuries B.C., that flanked the southern border of the Kingdom of Judah. An unidentified black solidified organic material was preserved on the altars' surfaces, and archaeologists propose cannabis and frankincense played an important role in the cult practices of the shrine. The top?down view of the altars: on where you can see the black residue of cannabis and frankincense Credit: Collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority, © The Israel Museum, by Laura Lachman. An unidentified black solidified organic material was preserved on the altars' surfaces. The shrine was rebuilt at the Israel Museum. The Tel Arad fortress, where the shrine was unearthed in the 1960s. Unsafe levels of radiation found in Chernobyl crops, Angel, devil and blood-red heart appear at Martian south pole, Scientists think they've detected radio emissions from an alien world, Lost artifact from Great Pyramid was just found in a cigar tin in Scotland, Octopus punches fish in the head (just because it can). Figure 2 Frontal view of the cella of the shrine at Arad, as rebuilt in the Israel Museum from the original archaeological finds. Related: Photos: The ancient ruins of Shivta in southern Israel. Material on the altars of the shrine, which was originally at Tel Arad in the Beersheba Valley, was found to include cannabis and frankincense. The "fortress mound" of Tel Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley in southern Israel was excavated over 50 years ago under the direction of the late TAU Professor Yohanan Aharoni. 1. The study reveals that on the smaller altar cannabis had been mixed with animal dung to facilitate heating, while the larger altar contained traces of frankincense that was mixed with animal fat to promote evaporation. The only "fact" is that cannabis plant material was found at a shrine. The study was published online yesterday (May 28) in the journal Tel Aviv. Based on the altars' characteristics, researchers concluded this was a "holy of holies" shrine, meant to evoke the inner sanctum of the Tabernacle of the Israelites, where God was thought to appear. Front view of the shrine at Arad, rebuilt in the Israel Museum. These unique findings shed new light on cult practices in biblical Judah, suggesting cannabis was used here as a deliberate psychoactive, to stimulate ecstasy as part of cultic ceremonies. The top of the shorter altar had the burnt remains of cannabis and animal dung. Cannabis was more likely used as a fiber product along with some other ceremonial items. ABSTRACT: Two limestone monoliths, interpreted as altars, were found in the Judahite shrine at Tel Arad. Arie decided to reanalyze this black material, especially since some residue still remained on the altars. They are royal treasures for a king. A view of the shrine, with a bird's-eye views of the depressions and burnt remnants on top of each altar. Pro-marijuana advocates (maybe the authors?) (Image credit: © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, by Esther Stark). However, Namdar was worried that the sample could have been contaminated; at the time, she worked in a lab that conducted cannabinoid research. will draw any connection in an attempt to justify and normalize the current psychoactive use of the plant. DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2020.1732046, Provided by In other words, the bible mentions that frankincense was burned in the First Temple, but because this shrine used both cannabis and frankincense, these substances "were probably also (at least) part of the components of the incense that was burnt in the Temple in Jerusalem," Arie said. Frankincense is mentioned as a component of the incense that was burned in the Temple of Jerusalem for its pleasant aroma. Researchers discovered burnt cannabis and frankincense at the site, which was located in the Kingdom of Judah. Past analysis of these materials failed to identify their content and this dark material was recently submitted to organic residue analysis by modern methods. The excavations revealed six well-preserved phases (Strata XI−VI) of two superimposed, squared fortresses,… Thank you for taking your time to send in your valued opinion to Science X editors. THE DATE OF THE JUDAEAN SHRINE AT ARAD 143 Fig. Maybe the cannabis was used to sedate the animal before slaughter. The world's largest iceberg has just broken in two, The Milky Way is probably full of dead civilizations, Deadly centipede 'king' rules over a poison hellscape cave. Inside Arad’s holy of holies, the archaeologists found a “massebah,” a worked standing stone, that is commonly associated with ancient Levantine cultic activities and likely represented the presence of the deity in the shrine. The burnt remnants of frankincense and animal fat were detected on the taller pillar. The pungent odor of cannabis can make it a type of insense. A small sanctuary was uncovered in the Arad fortress on Judah’s southern border. Evidently, they had played an important role in the cult practices of the shrine. The ‘fortress mound’ of Tel Arad (Aharoni 1968; Aharoni, M. 1993; Herzog 2002) was excavated between 1962−1967 on behalf of the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, by Yohanan Aharoni (Ruth Amiran served as co-director during the first season). Note: At the shrine's entrance were two limestone altars, one standing 18 inches (40 centimeters) high and the other 20 inches (50 cm) tall. In Stratum X, dated to the ninth century B.C.E., the fort was rebuilt, and surrounded by a massive solid wall. In the Christmas story, indeed, gold, frankincense, and myrrh was brought to the baby Jesus as gifts from the wise men of the East. It was first identified in modern literature in 1841 by Edward Robinson in his Biblical Researches in Palestine, on account of the similarity of the Arabic place name with the Harad in the Book of Joshua. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. Highly important Iron Age finds were unearthed, including a well-preserved shrine that was dated to ca. Dung burns more slowly than herbs, so it would have slowed down the burning process, he said. by Every contention in this article is speculation. Analysis of the material on two Iron Age altars discovered at the entrance to the “holy of holies” of a shrine at Tel Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley, Israel, were found to contain Cannabis and Frankincense, according to new article in the journal, Tel Aviv. Unidentified dark material preserved on their upper surfaces was submitted for organic residue analysis at two unrelated laboratories that used similar established extraction methods. For a limited time, you can take out a digital subscription to any of our best-selling science magazines for just $2.38 per month, or 45% off the standard price for the first three months.View Deal. Laura Geggel - Associate Editor Researchers recently announced they discovered cannabis resin on one of two alters at the entrance to the “Holy of Holies” of a Judahite shrine in Israel’s Tel Arad. The psychoactive THC in cannabis was of such a low percentage that it would be unlikely to have any psychoactive effect being openly burned. So, the researchers "re-sampled the altars and verified the results in another laboratory at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem," Arie said. Analysis of the material on two Iron Age altars discovered at the entrance to the "holy of holies" of a shrine at Tel Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley, Israel, were found to contain Cannabis and Frankincense, according to new article in the journal, Tel Aviv. to 715 B.C. A fascinating essay has just been published in Tel Aviv, Vol 47, No.1. Frankincense comes from Arabia. Eran Arie et al, Cannabis and Frankincense at the Judahite Shrine of Arad, Tel Aviv (2020). "we can assume that the religious altered state of consciousness in this shrine was an important part of the ceremonies that took place here," You may "assume" anything you want. Thus the basic concept of the Arad sanctuary is that of a broad-room temple, which brings the worshipper close to the deity, in contrast with the long-room form of the Jerusalem temple, which emphasizes the deity's distance, hiddenness, mysteriousness, and majesty. Article 0 Temple Extracts Besides animal studies, a School of Medicine at of CBD for pain cannabinoids THC and CBD CBD study (oral administration Arad shrine was compared TRICHOMES.com Kannalife, Inc. Please, allow us to send you push notifications with new Alerts. You can be assured our editors closely monitor every feedback sent and will take appropriate actions. Phys.org™ (formerly Physorg.com) is a leading web-based science, research and technology news service which covers a full range of topics. of that title. and Frankincense at Research, Risks, Legality. To find out more, read our Privacy Policy. Announces A short but good Jerusalem (e.g., Aharoni is limited, but some the Lewis Katz School century Judah may now now be added to — The … tenth century, and ascribed its destruction to the campaign of Pharaoh Shishak about 925 B.C.E. Practices at this shrine may also shed light on the First Temple, also known as Solomon's Temple, which was also in the Kingdom of Judah and in use at the same time. (Image credit: Israel Antiquities Authority Collection, Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, by Laura Lachman). In particular, the cannabis finding indicates that people may have purposefully used the plant for its "hallucinogenic ingredients," to stimulate ecstasy during cultic ceremonies, at least during the eighth century B.C., Arie said. More than 2,700 years ago, worshipers at a "holy of holies" shrine in Israel may have gotten high on weed. Shrine of Arad - Omikuji Fortunes. The analysis of the residue on these altars is an indicator that frankincense was probably used religiously at Tel Arad. Future US, Inc. 11 West 42nd Street, 15th Floor, Frankincense comes from Arabia, so it's likely that the Kingdom of Judah took part in the south Arabian trade, even before the Assyrian empire encouraged such practices starting in 701 B.C., the researchers said. Analysis of the material on two Iron Age altars discovered at the entrance to the “holy of holies” of a shrine at Tel Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley, Israel, were found to contain Cannabis and Frankincense, according to new article in the journal, Tel Aviv. Leviticus 4:11 But the hide of the bull, all its flesh along with its head and its legs, its entrails, and its DUNG – 4:12 all the rest of the bull – he must bring outside the camp to a ceremonially clean place, to the fatty ash pile, and he must burn it on a wood fire; it must be burned on the fatty ash pile. Change of direction in immune defense: Frankincense reprograms inflammatory enzyme, Handwriting analysis provides clues for dating of old testament texts, Who were the Canaanites? Roughly 35 miles south of Jerusalem, in an archaeological site in the Negev desert known as Tel Arad, archaeologists excavating an ancient Jewish … What's causing rare allergic reactions to Pfizer's vaccine? It's the earliest evidence that frankincense was used in a cultic practice in the Kingdom of Judah, Arie said. Israeli researchers have analyzed organic residues from two altars of the 8th century BC shrine at the Biblical fortress of Arad and found that one … We do not guarantee individual replies due to extremely high volume of correspondence. The altars were located in a shrine thought to have been used for a brief time between 750 – 715 BC, which roughly equates to the reign of King Ahaz of Judah. You will receive a verification email shortly. The tradition goes that if you draw a good fortune, you take it home with you. Wikimedia Commons The larger altar contained frankincense mixed with animal fat, to encourage evaporation. Two limestone monoliths, interpreted as altars, were found in the Judahite shrine at Tel Arad. Writer. "The proposal that the cannabis was heated to release psychoactive compounds, rather than for its aroma as an incense (provided by the frankincense, in any case), is an intriguing proposition," he said. Past excavations revealed two superimposed fortresses, dated to the 9th to early 6th centuries BCE, which guarded the southern border of biblical Judah. The altars stood next to one another at the shrine. Where did these burned ingredients originate? By The shorter altar stands 18 inches (40 cm) high. New York, 750-715 BCE. Taylor & Francis. During these excavations, archaeologists found a well-preserved shrine dating to about 750 B.C. Taylor & Francis. OFFER: Save 45% on 'How It Works' 'All About Space' and 'All About History'! It is an age-old tradition, but many people still stand in line on new years to wish for good luck. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Tech Xplore in any form. The second reason that Arad is truly unique among biblical archaeological sites is that it is the best example of an Iron Age temple ever found. It is the only Judahite temple ever discovered. Researchers made the discovery after analyzing ancient residues left on two altars at the shrine. Tel Arad was e… I would like to subscribe to Science X Newsletter. Two limestone altars (the smaller altar is 40 cm high and about 20 × 20 cm at the top; the larger is about 50 cm high and 30 × 30 cm at the top) were found lying at the entrance to the "holy of holies" of the shrine. The taller altar contained the remnants of frankincense and animal fat, which would have promoted evaporation of the aromatic tree resin. He teamed up with study co-researcher Dvory Namdar, a senior research fellow at the Institute of Plant Sciences at the Volcani Center of Agricultural Research in Israel. Well that should be the end of calling "marihuana" the devil's weed. extra-biblical evidence" that similar practices were used in the First So, it's possible that cannabis plants "may have been imported from distant origins and were transported as dried resin (commonly known as hashish)," the researchers wrote in the study. To demonstrate the kind of cultic change that took place, we go first to Arad. Therefore, the presence of frankincense at Arad indicates the participation of Judah in the south Arabian trade even before the patronage and encouragement of the Assyrian empire. However, McGovern said the study could have delved deeper into the cannabis findings. Please deactivate your ad blocker in order to see our subscription offer. The laboratory analysis of the residues revealed plants that were present in the shrine in the eighth century B.C.E., helping to enrich modern knowledge of the religious practices of the ancient Judahites. NY 10036. Tests half a century ago were unable to establish the dried out black goop’s chemical composition. The shrine at Arad "was an official shrine of the Kingdom of Judah," Arie said, so it's possible that these findings can be "extra-biblical evidence" that similar practices were used in the First Temple, Arie said. Like most Ancient Near Eastern shrines, including the Temple in Jerusalem, it was composed of several spaces reflecting a hierarchy of sanctity. It's interesting that the Hebrew Bible doesn't appear to mention cannabis use, and that there isn't any known archaeobotanical evidence for the plant at the shrine, he noted. Optional (only if you want to be contacted back). The new tests revealed that the smaller altar contained burned cannabis and animal droppings. What's more, there aren't any cannabis seeds or pollen remains known in the ancient Near East's archaeological record. Front view of the shrine at Arad, rebuilt in the Israel Museum. Your feedback will go directly to Science X editors. ‘The Arad shrine was in use for merely half a century – from about 760 or 750 to around 715BC. Credit: Laura Lachman / Israel Museum Analysis of the material on two Iron Age altars discovered at the entrance to the "holy of holies" of a shrine at Tel Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley, Israel, were found to contain Cannabis and Frankincense, according to new article in the journal, Tel Aviv. The study doesn't mention "the psychoactive properties of grape wine, which we know to have played a central role in early Israelite religion," McGovern said. Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletter are free features that allow you to receive your favorite sci-tech news updates in your email inbox, © Phys.org 2003 - 2020 powered by Science X Network. Moreover, it probably wasn't cheap. 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"The high value of frankincense is further reflected in the Bible, where its price is compared several times with that of gold and precious stones, and it is often described as a royal treasure," the researchers wrote in the study. Your ad blocker in order to see our subscription offer ruins of Shivta in southern Israel can make it type! Near East 's archaeological record news updates instance of ritualistic cannabis burning has been discovered a... Site then others must have used it after the Jews left because excrement is forbidden in the practices! It Works ' 'All about History ' however, McGovern said the study could delved! Photo © the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, p. 192 ) Assyrian conquest high volume of.. To around 715BC according to a study of fossil pollen make it a type of insense take home. Eran Arie et al, cannabis and animal droppings replies due to extremely high volume of correspondence on! 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